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Automated lane keeping systems - Wikipedia



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1

History

2

Regulation

3

Transition period

4

Requirements

Toggle Requirements subsection

4.1

Collision avoidance features

5

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Automated lane keeping systems

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Autonomous driving system

You can help
expand this article with text translated from
the corresponding article
in French
.

(May 2022)

Click [show] for important translation instructions.

Machine translation, like
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or
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, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must follow the
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, revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia.

Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.

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accompanying your translation by providing an
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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
Content in this edit is translated from the existing French Wikipedia article at [[:fr:Système automatisé de maintien dans la voie]]; see its history for attribution.

You may also add the template
{{Translated|fr|Système automatisé de maintien dans la voie}}
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For more guidance, see
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.

Automated lane keeping systems
(
ALKS
), also described as
traffic jam chauffeurs
,
[
1
]
is an
autonomous driving
system that doesn't require driver supervision on motorways. ALKS is an international standard set out in UN-ECE regulation 157 and amounts to
Level 3
vehicle automation.
[
2
]
It is essentially a more robust combination of
adaptive cruise control
(ACC) and
lane centering assist
(LCA). When activated, it allows the driver to do non-driving tasks until alerted otherwise.
[
3
]

History
[
edit
]

In 2021, Mercedes-Benz has received German approval for an ALKS self-driving technology complying with UN-R157 legal requirements.
[
4
]

Mercedes-Benz says that customers will be able to buy an
S-Class
with the Drive Pilot technology in the first half of 2022, enabling them to drive in conditionally automated mode at speeds of up to 60 km/h (37mph) in heavy traffic or congested situations on suitable stretches of motorway in Germany.

The regulation was signed by 54 states on 22 January 2021.
[
5
]

Entry into force in the European Union is 22 January 2022 for cars.
[
6
]

Initially, the regulation allows for automated driving up to
60

km/h (35

mph)
. An amendment for an increased speed for automated driving up to
130

km/h (80

mph)
is planned to enter into force from January 2023.
[
7
]

Regulation
[
edit
]

In all contracting countries, the date of entry into force of UNECE regulation 157 is 22 January 2021.
[
8
]

Within six months from the date of depositary notification C.N.297.2020.TREATIES-XI.B.16 of 22 July 2020 by which the Secretary-General transmitted to the Governments of the Contracting Parties the text of draft United Nations Regulation No. 157, none of the Contracting Parties to the Agreement notified the Secretary-General of their intention not to apply the said United Nations Regulation on the date of its entry into force, under paragraphs 3 and 4 of article 1 of the Agreement.

Therefore, following Article 1 (3) of the Agreement, the draft United Nations Regulation is adopted as United Nations Regulation No. 157. Per paragraphs, 3 and 4 of article 1 of the Agreement, the date of entry into force of United Nations Regulation No. 157 for all Contracting Parties is 22 January 2021.
—

The Secretary-General of the United Nations, 1 February 2021
[
8
]

Transition period
[
edit
]

Main article:
self-driving car liability

ALKS’s standard safety concept defines a 10 seconds transition period so that human driver must remain able to respond to a system request so that the human driver assume control of the vehicle when driving system do not do it anymore:

Transition demand
"is a logical and intuitive procedure to transfer the Dynamic Driving Task (DDT) from the system (automated control) to the human driver (manual control). This request is given from the system to the human driver."

Transition phase
"means the duration of the transition demand."
[
6
]

When local law allows the human driver to focus on non-driving tasks such as reading a book or watching a video while the automated driving system is engaged, a liability question may be raised following a takeover request: who own the liability once the 10 seconds transition period has achieved?
[
9
]

In the United Kingdom, the 10 seconds transition period is questioned regarding the driver capacity to take back control quickly and safely.
[
10
]

Requirements
[
edit
]

ALKS requires multiple criteria:
[
2
]

driver seated, attached and available;

proper functioning of the Data Storage System for Automated Driving (DSSAD);

motorway type lane: road prohibited to pedestrians and cyclists equipped with a physical separation between the two directions of traffic;

other weather conditions.

Collision avoidance features
[
edit
]

This section
does not
cite
any
sources
.
Please help
improve this section
by
adding citations to reliable sources
. Unsourced material may be challenged and
removed
.

(
August 2020
)
(
Learn how and when to remove this message
)

ALKS deals with some cases of
collision avoidance
.

ALKS defines some concepts:

Imminent collision risk
describes a situation or an event which leads to a
collision
of the vehicle with another road user or an obstacle which cannot be
avoided
by a braking demand with lower than 5 m/s
—

Uniform provisions concerning the approval of vehicles about automated lane-keeping systems

Emergency Manoeuvre (EM)
is a maneuver performed by the system in case of an event in which the vehicle is at imminent
collision
risk and has the purpose of
avoiding
or mitigating a collision.
—

Uniform provisions concerning the approval of vehicles about automated lane-keeping systems

The activated system shall not cause any collisions that are reasonably foreseeable and preventable. If a
collision
can be safely
avoided
without causing another one, it shall be
avoided
. When the vehicle is involved in a detectable
collision
, the vehicle shall be brought to a standstill.
—

Uniform provisions concerning the approval of vehicles concerning automated lane-keeping systems

The activated system shall detect the distance to the next vehicle in front as defined in paragraph 7.1.1. and shall adapt the vehicle speed to
avoid collision
.
—

Uniform provisions concerning the approval of vehicles about automated lane-keeping systems

The activated system shall be able to bring the vehicle to a complete stop behind a stationary vehicle, a stationary road user, or a blocked lane of travel to
avoid
a
collision
. This shall be ensured up to the maximum operational speed of the system.
—

Uniform provisions concerning the approval of vehicles concerning automated lane-keeping systems

The activated system shall avoid a collision with a leading vehicle (...)

The activated system shall avoid a collision with a cutting in the vehicle (...)

The activated system shall avoid a collision with an unobstructed crossing pedestrian in front of the vehicle.
—

Uniform provisions concerning the approval of vehicles concerning automated lane-keeping systems

This document clarifies the derivation process to define conditions under which
automated lane-keeping systems
(ALKS) shall
avoid
a
collision
—

Uniform provisions concerning the approval of vehicles about automated lane-keeping systems,
Guidance on traffic disturbance critical scenarios for ALKS

References
[
edit
]

↑

"Under the skin: How the new automated lane system will work"
.
Autocar
. Retrieved
2022-05-23
.

1

2

"UN Regulation on Automated Lane Keeping Systems is milestone for safe introduction of automated vehicles in traffic"
(Press release).
UNECE
. 2020-06-24
. Retrieved
2022-06-21
.

↑

"Comment: Choosing the right lane for ALKS autonomy"
. 2022-01-24.

↑

Roberts, Gareth (2021-12-09).
"Mercedes-Benz self-driving car technology approved for use"
.
Fleet news
. UK
. Retrieved
2022-06-21
.

↑

"United Nations Regulation No. 157. Uniform provisions concerning the approval of vehicles with regard to Automated Lane Keeping Systems"
.
United Nations Treaty Collection
. Geneva. 2020-06-24.

1

2

"UN Regulation No 157 – Uniform provisions concerning the approval of vehicles with regards to Automated Lane Keeping Systems
[
2021/389
]
PUB/2021/79"
.
Official Journal of the European Union
. 2021-03-09. 42021X0389
. Retrieved
2022-06-21
.

↑

"UN Regulation extends automated driving up to 130 km/h in certain conditions"
.
UNECE
. 2022-06-22
. Retrieved
2022-07-10
.

1

2

"Agreement concerning the adoption of harmonized technical United Nations regulations for wheeled vehicles, equipment and parts which can be fitted and/or be used on wheeled vehicles and the conditions for reciprocal recognition of approvals granted on the basis of these United Nations regulations"

(PDF)
. Geneva: United Nations. 1958-03-20. C.N.53.2021.TREATIES-XI.B.16.157
. Retrieved
2022-06-21
.

↑

Widen, William H.; Koopman, Philip (2023-08-08).
"Level 3 Automated Vehicles and Criminal Law"
.
www.jurist.org
. Retrieved
2026-05-29
.

↑

Seymour, Tom.
"DfT concern over 10-second rule for all-lane keeping systems"
.
www.fleetnews.co.uk
. Retrieved
2026-05-29
.

v
t
e
Self-driving cars
, self-driving vehicles and enabling technologies
Overview and
context

History of self-driving cars

Impact of self-driving cars

Intelligent transportation system

Context-aware pervasive systems

Mobile computing

Smart, connected products

Ubiquitous computing

Ambient intelligence

Internet of things

List of self-driving system suppliers

SAE Levels
Human driver monitors
the driving environment
(Levels 0,1,2)

Lane departure warning system

Automatic parking

Automated emergency braking system

Collision avoidance system

Cruise control

Adaptive cruise control

Advanced driver-assistance system

Driver drowsiness detection

Intelligent speed adaptation

Blind spot monitor

System monitors
the driving environment
(Levels 3,4,5)

Automated Lane Keeping Systems

Vehicular ad hoc network
(V2V)

Connected car

Automotive navigation system

Vehicles
Cars

VaMP
(1994)

Spirit of Berlin
(2007)

General Motors EN-V
(2010)

MadeInGermany
(2011)

Waymo
, formerly Google Car (2012)

Tesla Model S
with
Autopilot
(2015)

LUTZ Pathfinder
(2015)

Avride
(2017)

Honda Legend
(2021)

Waymo Ojai
(2026)

Buses and commercial
vehicles

Automated guideway transit

CAVForth

ParkShuttle

Navia shuttle

NuTonomy
taxi

Freightliner Inspiration

Driverless tractor

Self-driving truck

Mobility as a service

Regulation

Legislation

IEEE 802.11p

Safe speed automotive common law

Automated lane keeping system
(unece regulation 157)

Regulation (EU) 2019/2144

Liability
Self-driving car liability
Enabling
technologies

Radar

Laser

LIDAR

Artificial neural network

Computer stereo vision

Image recognition

Dedicated short-range communications

Real-time Control System

rFpro

Eye tracking

Radio-frequency identification

Automotive navigation system

Organizations,
Projects &
People
Organizations,
projects
and events

American Center for Mobility

DAVI

European Land-Robot Trial

Navlab

DARPA Grand Challenge

VisLab Intercontinental Autonomous Challenge

Eureka Prometheus Project

IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Society

People

Harold Goddijn

Alberto Broggi

Anthony Levandowski

Retrieved from "
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Automated_lane_keeping_systems&oldid=1356777110
"

Category
:
Advanced driver assistance systems
Hidden categories:
Articles with short description
Short description matches Wikidata
Science and technology articles needing translation from French Wikipedia
Use dmy dates from June 2022
Articles needing additional references from August 2020
All articles needing additional references

This page was last edited on 29 May 2026, at 19:22
(UTC)
.

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Automated lane keeping systems

1 language

Add topic
</reference>

<statements>
1. European Union: Revised PLD / UN Reg 157 [10]
2. European Union, Legal Classification of Human Operator: Fallback user; becomes primary driver following expiration of Takeover Request under UN Reg 157 [10].
3. European Union, Statutory Duty During Automation: Driver permitted to engage in non-driving tasks; must resume manual control within a 10-second transition window [10].
4. European Union, Mandatory Event Data Recording: UN Reg 157 DSSAD: Retains timestamps for activations, deactivations, transition demands, and system faults [10].
5. At the supranational level, the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) established the first international type-approval standard for automated vehicles through UN Regulation No. 157, governing Automated Lane Keeping Systems (ALKS) [10].
6. The regulation requires that an ALKS issue an escalating, multi-modal Transition Demand whenever it reaches the boundary of its operational design domain, detects a sensor failure, or encounters an operational condition it cannot handle [10].
7. The regulation mandates a minimum transition window of at least 10 seconds for the human driver to resume manual control [10].
8. If the driver fails to respond within this window, the system must execute an automated Minimum Risk Maneuver (MRM) to bring the vehicle to a safe stop within its lane or onto the road shoulder while activating emergency flashers [10].
9. UN Regulation No. 157 also mandates the integration of an independent Data Storage System for Automated Driving (DSSAD) that records timestamps for every system activation, deactivation, transition demand, driver override, and technical fault, establishing a verified audit trail to confirm who had operational control during a crash [10].
10. Phase 3: Minimum Risk Maneuver (MRM): Gradual deceleration within travel lane or onto shoulder, hazard warning light activation, and post-stop horn activation
11. This arbitration framework would evaluate verified DSSAD telemetry: If the vehicle was operating in an active automated mode within its validated ODD and failed to execute a safe stop or provide a 10-second Transition Demand, financial liability remains with the vehicle manufacturer
</statements>

Begin the assessment now. Output only the JSON list, without any conversational text or explanations.