You will be provided with a reference and some statements. Please determine whether each statement is 'supported', 'unsupported', or 'unknown' with respect to the reference. Please note:
First, assess whether the reference contains any valid content. If the reference contains no valid information, such as a 'page not found' message, then all statements should be considered 'unknown'.
If the reference is valid, for a given statement: if the facts or data it contains can be found entirely or partially within the reference, it is considered 'supported' (data accepts rounding); if all facts and data in the statement cannot be found in the reference, it is considered 'unsupported'.

You should return the result in a JSON list format, where each item in the list contains the statement's index and the judgment result, for example:
[
    {
        "idx": 1,
        "result": "supported"
    },
    {
        "idx": 2,
        "result": "unsupported"
    }
]

Below are the reference and statements:
<reference>
The Supreme People's Court establishes a red line for criminal liability in intelligent driving: evading assisted driving monitoring systems may result in criminal penalties in the event of an accident.

Thestatement that has been repeatedly paraphrased actually consists of only a single conditional clause in its original text.On September 7, 2026, the Supreme

Investing

Stocks

HK Stocks

US Stocks

KR Stocks

JP Stocks

A-Shares

Margin Trading

IPO

Invest Regularly

Derivatives & Cryptos

ETF

Options

Futures

Crypto

Futu Money Plus

Silver Bond

Cash Plus

Funds

US Treasuries

Structured Products

Futu PWM

Private Wealth Management

Trust Services

Go FUTU Securities check more
>

Markets

Quotes

Stocks

Options

Futures

Forex

ETF

Trading Tools

Paper Trade

Stock Screener

Heat Map

Earnings Calendar

Institutional Tracker

Investment Themes

App Store
Download >
Google Play
Download >
Mac
Download >
Windows
Download >

News & Community

News

Headlines

24/7 News

Economic Calendar

Topics

Live

Learn

Library

Courses

Lectures

Community

Feeds

Hot Topics

Pricing

Promotions

Check more promotion
>

Welcome Rewards

Join Futubull Membership Program

Referral Program

Transfer Bonus

Blog

About Us

About us >

About Futu

Futu Highlights

Milestones

Corporate Social Responsibility

Contact us

Join Us

Futu I&E

Futu Store

Futu Experience Stores

FUTU Flagship Store
Shop A,B,C on Gound floor and shop A on 1st Floor, Soundwill Plaza , NO. 38 Russell Street, Causeway Bay, Hong Kong

FUTU Store (Tsim Sha Tsui)
G/F, 96 Nathan Road, Tsim Sha Tsui, Kowloon

FUTU Store (Causeway Bay)
G/F, Lai Yuen Apartments , 29-33 Lee Garden Road, Causeway Bay, Hong Kong

FUTU Store（Mong Kok)
G/F, 67-69 Argyle Street, Mongkok, Kowloon

FUTU Head Office (Admiralty)
34/F, United Centre, 95 Queensway, Admiralty, HK

FUTU Store（Tsuen Wan)
G/F, No. 280 Sha Tsui Road, Tsuen Wan, New Territories

FUTU Store（Sha Tin)
G09A, G/F, Kings Wing Plaza 1, No. 3 On Kwan Street, Sha Tin, New Territories

FUTU Store (Tseung Kwan O)
Shop UG16-17, UG/F, MCP Central, Tseung Kwan O, New Territories

Check more
>

Support

More

About Us

About us

Support

English

繁體中文

简体中文

Sign up/Log in

Sign up/Log in

Download

Open an account

Sign Up

English

Back

Investing

Stocks

HK Stocks

US Stocks

KR Stocks

JP Stocks

A-Shares

Margin Trading

IPO

Invest Regularly

Derivatives & Cryptos

ETF

Options

Futures

Crypto

Futu Money Plus

Silver Bond

Cash Plus

Funds

US Treasuries

Structured Products

Futu PWM

Private Wealth Management

Trust Services

Markets

Quotes

Stocks

Options

Futures

Forex

ETF

Trading Tools

Paper Trade

Heat Map

Earnings Calendar

Institutional Tracker

Investment Themes

News & Community

News

Headlines

24/7 News

Economic Calendar

Topics

Live

Learn

Library

Courses

Lectures

Community

Feeds

Hot Topics

Pricing

Promotions

Welcome Rewards

Join Futubull Membership Program

Referral Program

Transfer Bonus

Blog

About Us

About us>

About Futu

Futu Highlights

Milestones

Corporate Social Responsibility

Contact us

Join Us

Futu I&E

Futu Store

Support

English

繁體中文

简体中文

Dark
Light

Open Account

Clear

All

Quotes

News

Learn

Help

All
HK
US
CN
SG
AU
JP
CA
MY

All
News
Announcements
Reports

No matches yet

Operations too frequent. Please try again later.

Please check network settings and try again Refresh

Refresh

Loading

History record

Latest News

A wealth of information: Hong Kong unveils its first five-year plan.

SK Hynix is in talks with Intel to collaborate, planning to produce memory chips in the U.S. for the first time.

A "zero miss" in history! With market pricing already near full capacity, does the Fed have no room to back down from raising rates tonight?

Quotes

More

News

More

Learn

More

Help

More

Loading

News

More

Announcements

More

Reports

More

Headlines

The Supreme People's Court establishes a red line for criminal liability in intelligent driving: evading assisted driving monitoring systems may result in criminal penalties in the event of an accident.

The Supreme People's Court establishes a red line for criminal liability in intelligent driving: evading assisted driving monitoring systems may result in criminal penalties in the event of an accident.

businesstimes cn

·

Sep 8 08:37

NIO

-1.91%

XPEV

-4.48%

XIAOMI-WR

-1.58%

XIAOMI-W

-1.21%

LI AUTO-W

+0.78%

The statement that has been repeatedly paraphrased actually consists of only a single conditional clause in its original text.
On September 7, 2026, the Supreme People's Court issued the "Opinions on the Lawful Adjudication of Disputes Involving Artificial Intelligence" (Fa Fa [2026] No. 10). Comprising five parts and 24 articles, this document marks the first time the Supreme People's Court has systematically promulgated adjudication rules for AI-related disputes. The date of issuance coincides with the signing date, and no separate effective date is specified in the full text published on the official website.
Public attention has focused on criminal liability, which is addressed in just one sentence in the original text. After listing various types of criminal conduct involving the use of artificial intelligence, Article 20 states: "Where an actor activates the assisted driving function and uses privately installed accessories to evade monitoring by the assisted driving system, thereby causing a road traffic accident, if such conduct constitutes a crime, criminal liability shall be pursued in accordance with the law."
To properly interpret this rule, it must be broken down into four conditions: activation of the assisted driving function; use of "privately installed accessories" to evade system monitoring; causation of a road traffic accident as a result; and meeting the threshold for constituting a crime. Only when all four conditions are met does the matter proceed to criminal prosecution.
It does not state that "any accident involving intelligent driving leads to imprisonment." Rather, it targets a very specific action: using physical means outside the vehicle’s onboard system—commonly referred to in guiding cases and media reports as "intelligent driving hacks" or accessories—to simulate the state of hands holding the steering wheel, thereby bypassing safety mechanisms such as "hands-off timeout alerts" and "deceleration and disengagement upon failure to take over."
Why is "evading monitoring" specifically highlighted?
The national standard "Classification of Driving Automation for Motor Vehicles" (GB/T 40429—2021) categorizes driving automation into Levels 0 through 5, with Levels 0–2 classified as driving assistance and Level 3 as conditional automated driving. Currently, the "intelligent driving" features offered by mass-produced vehicles on sale in China generally operate at Level 2 or below, meaning these systems typically include driver status monitoring.
"Evading monitoring" was included in the punitive provisions because it renders ineffective the sole link in the entire safety mechanism that relies on human oversight. In February 2026, the Supreme People's Court released its first set of guiding cases specifically on criminal matters related to road traffic safety. Case No. 271, "Wang Mouqun Dangerous Driving Case," was reported by CCTV and other media outlets: the defendant activated the vehicle’s assisted driving function after drinking alcohol, set a destination, and used a privately installed accessory capable of simulating hands holding the steering wheel. While the vehicle operated without actual human supervision, the defendant moved to the front passenger seat and fell asleep, eventually being discovered by pedestrians who blocked the vehicle’s path and called the police. The Linping District People's Court of Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, sentenced him to one month and fifteen days of criminal detention and imposed a fine of RMB 4,000 for the crime of dangerous driving; the judgment has taken effect. The key rationale of the ruling clarifies that onboard assisted driving systems cannot replace the driver as the primary entity responsible for driving; the driver remains the person actually executing the driving task after activating the assisted driving function.
From specialized guiding cases to judicial interpretation documents incorporating the same conduct into punitive clauses, the consistent objective is to explicitly identify "physical evasion of monitoring" as a distinct focal point for accountability, rather than merely treating it as a factor in allocating liability after an accident occurs.
What automobile manufacturers should truly focus on is Article 11.
Criminal liability pertains to vehicle owners, while civil liability pertains to enterprises. Article 11 simultaneously addresses three key areas.
The first area concerns product defects. If a traffic accident causes damage due to vehicle product defects, and the parties involved request that the producer or seller bear compensation liability in accordance with Chapter IV of Part VII of the Civil Code, the people's court shall support such claims.
The second area involves the combination of "defect + fault." Where vehicles equipped with advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS) cause identical damage due to a combination of vehicle defects and driver negligence, and the parties involved request that both the driver and the vehicle producer or seller bear compensation liability based on Article 1172 of the Civil Code and other relevant provisions, the court shall support such claims in accordance with the law. A common misinterpretation requires clarification: the text of the Opinion does not contain the phrase "proportionate liability." It cites existing provisions of the Civil Code, with liability shares determined on a case-by-case basis. Interpreting this as establishing a "new rule for proportionate compensation" is an oversimplification.
The third area directly impacts marketing departments. If vehicle producers or sellers engage in false or misleading publicity regarding the "automation level, intelligence level, performance, and usage" of autonomous vehicles or vehicles with ADAS, thereby infringing upon the legitimate rights and interests of consumers, and consumers request that they bear civil liability under the Civil Code and the Law on the Protection of Consumer Rights and Interests, the people's court shall support such claims in accordance with the law.
The inclusion of the terms "automation level" and "intelligence level" in the statutory provisions means that statements made at press conferences, functional descriptions on model pages, and representations regarding "hands-off capability" during sales are objectively subject to legal action. Article 9 of the same Opinion further requires that, when determining whether an AI product poses unreasonable risks to personal or property safety, key scrutiny should be placed on whether the producer or seller has provided truthful explanations and clear warnings regarding the product's "applicable scenarios, inherent limitations, and foreseeable risks." The more expansive the promotional claims, the stricter the requirements for disclosure and warning obligations become.
Courts may subpoena data; refusal to submit will result in an adverse presumption.
The final sentence of Article 11 provides a tool for tracing origins: To ascertain the cause of a road traffic accident, the people's court may require data controllers, such as vehicle producers, sellers, or operators, to provide authentic and complete data necessary for establishing the facts of the case, including records of autonomous driving and ADAS events, within the necessary scope.
Article 17 specifies the consequences of non-compliance. Parties unable to collect evidence on their own due to objective reasons may apply to the people's court for investigation and collection; where necessary, the court may conduct investigations ex officio. Furthermore, if a party controlling documentary evidence, electronic data, or other evidence refuses to submit it without justifiable reason, and the opposing party claims that the content of such evidence is unfavorable to the controller, the people's court may deem such claim established.
The combination of these two articles reshapes the burden of proof structure in litigation involving accidents with intelligent driving systems. Previously, in such disputes, consumers long faced the evidentiary dilemma of "data being entirely held by automakers." Now, if the party holding the data fails to submit it, they face an adverse presumption. This raises compliance costs more directly than any ban on promotional language.
The Supreme People's Court has also provided a buffer for the industry. In responses to reporters, officials from relevant departments of the Supreme People's Court emphasized the need to strictly define "AI products" in accordance with the law to "avoid the generalization of product liability." AI products are limited to those embodied in physical objects, such as intelligent robots and autonomous vehicles. The principle of liability for AI-related torts is established as fault-based liability, on the grounds of "avoiding excessive liability burdens during the early stages of AI technology and industry development, which could dampen innovation incentives." This document serves as both a pressure valve and a guardrail.
Compliance Window: Less than five months remaining until January 1, 2027
The timeline for the implementation of these regulations aligns with another technical compliance threshold. According to a report by IT Home on July 2, 2026, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) released the "Safety Requirements for Combined Driving Assistance Systems in Intelligent Connected Vehicles" (GB 47955—2026) on that day. This is China's first mandatory national standard specifically targeting Level 2 autonomous driving assistance, scheduled to take effect on January 1, 2027. Drafting entities include the China Automotive Technology and Research Center, Shenzhen Yinwang, Xiaomi Auto, BYD, Tesla (Shanghai), Li Auto, Nio, XPeng, and others. The report also cited MIIT statements indicating that since 2026, the market penetration rate of new passenger vehicles equipped with combined driving assistance functions has reached 70%, while models featuring Navigate on Autopilot (NOA) have exceeded a 30% penetration rate. Previously, the China Automotive Engineering Research Institute's "Report on the Development of Combined Driving Assistance Technology" stated that the penetration rate of passenger vehicles with combined driving assistance systems was 62.58% from January to July 2025.
Although the two sets of figures differ in timeframes and statistical subjects and cannot be directly compared, they point to the same conclusion: the base of new vehicles subject to this judicial rule is no longer a niche segment.
Consequently, three types of costs are being imposed on the same group of stakeholders. On the technical front, driver status monitoring and event data recording must meet mandatory standard requirements by January 1, 2027. On the legal and marketing fronts, there must be a re-evaluation of the alignment between product definitions and claims such as "advanced intelligent driving" and "drivable nationwide." On the data front, processes for retaining and retrieving event records must be established to ensure complete delivery to courts. Gaps in these capabilities will directly translate into litigation risks.
For vehicle owners, the boundaries are equally specific: installing accessories to bypass monitoring systems transforms a single traffic violation into an act that may trigger criminal liability. Using assisted driving as a substitute for a human driver—by removing hands from the wheel, leaving the seat, or sleeping—is no longer merely a moral hazard.
Next, keep an eye on three things.
First, the scope of implementation. The "Opinions" do not specify a separate effective date. Whether local courts will adjust their adjudication standards as of the publication date, and whether public cases citing Article 11 to hold automakers liable for compensation will emerge quickly, serves as the most direct signal.
Second, the boundary of false advertising. The provisions use four keywords—"automation level," "intelligence degree," "performance," and "usage"—as anchors. However, determining which specific marketing phrases cross the line requires case-by-case clarification. It is worth closely monitoring whether the Supreme People's Court will release typical cases alongside these guidelines.
Third, the actual difficulty of data delivery. Providing "authentic and complete" event records "within the necessary scope" involves data formats, retention periods, and cross-entity collaboration. Disparities in retention and reconstruction capabilities among automakers will be quantified in the first judgment.
Once the judiciary clearly defines the boundaries of liability, the remaining question is whether the industry can bear the burden.
Sources of Reference Data
Supreme People's Court · Press Release and Full Text of "Opinions of the Supreme People's Court on Lawfully Adjudicating Cases Involving Artificial Intelligence Disputes" (Fa Fa [2026] No. 10) · 2026-09-07 ·
Supreme People's Court Press Bureau · Heads of relevant departments at the Supreme People's Court answer reporters' questions on the "Opinions on the Lawful Adjudication of Cases Involving Artificial Intelligence Disputes" · 2026-09-07 ·
IT Home (Source: Ministry of Industry and Information Technology) · China's first mandatory national standard for Level 2 assisted driving officially released (GB 47955—2026) · 2026-07-02 ·

The translation is provided by third-party software.

The above content is for informational or educational purposes only and does not constitute any investment advice related to Futu. Although we strive to ensure the truthfulness, accuracy, and originality of all such content, we cannot guarantee it.

Risk Disclaimer

The above content is for informational or educational purposes only and does not constitute any investment advice related to Futu. Although we strive to ensure the truthfulness, accuracy, and originality of all such content, we cannot guarantee it.

Got It

Risk Disclaimer

The above content is for informational or educational purposes only and does not constitute any investment advice related to Futu. Although we strive to ensure the truthfulness, accuracy, and originality of all such content, we cannot guarantee it.

Got It

Like

Comment

Comment

0

·

Views

4363

Comment(
0
)

Sign in to view comments

Reason For Report

Politics

Advertisement

Pornography

Other

Cancel

Recommended

Back in the spotlight! Driven by multiple favorable factors, Hong Kong‑listed optical‑communication stocks have surged across the bo…

cls.cn

·

Sep 15 21:32

Ultra-wealthy capital floods into U.S. midterm elections, with strong backing for the Republican Party!

Golden10 Data

·

02:10

Is the first rate hike of the "Wallers era" imminent? Wall Street has mapped out three scenarios.

Golden10 Data

·

00:04

Nearly JPY 3 trillion in contrarian short positions: "Mrs. Watanabe" faces risk of a devastating short squeeze!

Golden10 Data

·

45m

Intel CEO: CPUs meet only 50% of demand; 14A process to enter production in Q1 next year, new architecture may reduce inference po…

wallstreetcn

·

Sep 15 22:04

Write a comment

0

0

6

Like
Love
Laughing Cry
Respect
Emm
Sad
Angry

Tap to Select a Mood

分享到weixin

分享到qq

分享到facebook

分享到twitter

分享到微博

粘贴板

Use the share button in your browser

to share the page with your friends

Tap here to share

No comments yet. Write one.

Confirm

A

A

Default

Max

Market Insights
Hot Stock
Hot Stock
Top HK stocks viewed in the last 24 hours, capturing market sentiment and key capital flow insights.
Top HK stocks viewed in the last 24 hours, capturing market sentiment and key capital flow insights.
No.
Symbol
% Chg
Sample Name
Sample Code
+164.40%
Sample Name
Sample Code
+98.80%
Sample Name
Sample Code
+36.09%
4
GREEN POWER GP
01870
+31.58%
5
MEXAN
00022
+31.20%
View More
Invest with Futu!
Invest with Futu!
Hot Topics
Hot Topics
[2026 Outlook] Plan Ahead! Share the Investment Opportunities You Are Optimistic About
係時候要部署！2026年，「股債金匯幣」等各大類資產將如何風雲變色？下一個投資方向會喺邊？
AI狂潮之後，仲有邊啲機會、產業值得發掘？面對市場波動，如何穩捉機遇避開陷阱？
歡迎分享你嘅2026年投資藍圖！
一起集思廣益，為新年投資鋪好盈利之路～👉
查看詳細規則>>
Show More
牛牛課堂
Jan 15 03:36
2026 Outlook | Recommended to bookmark! Where are the investment opportunities in 2026? This article identifies four core sectors and 13 golden industries.
Fellow investors, as we face a brand-new 2026, instead of anxiously chasing trends, it's better to calmly understand the direction. Stay tuned.
@Niuniu Classroom
to unlock your investment roadmap in real time. In the new year, let’s stay calm and patient, proceed steadily for long-term success, and slowly grow our wealth together.
What are the main investment themes for 2026? We’ve consolidated the highlights from our annual outlook series to provide fellow investors with a "one-stop" comprehensive overview.
This article will exploreAI 'Four Powers,' application scenarios, cutting-edge technology, and core resourcesfrom four key dimensions, dissecting the market noise to help fellow investors clarify the roadmap and precisely identify critical investment anchors for 2026.
The Enablers of the AI Era — Computing Power, Transport Power, Storage Power, and Electrical Power
In the AI era,computing power, transport power, storage power, and electrical power intertwine to form a network,supporting the accelerated operation of the entire ecosystem.
Computing power determines the upper limit, storage and transportation determine efficiency, and electricity determines survival. In the grand narrative of large AI models, the extreme demand for computing power must be supported by strong storage capacity and delivered by high-speed transport. These three elements form the 'iron triangle' of AI performance.Electricity, meanwhile, is the physical foundation supporting all of this.At the same time, technological progress is reshaping the energy landscape, enabling a two-way empowerment between power supply and computing efficiency.
First, regarding computing power,Wall Street's major firms generally believe that 2026 will be the year when the semiconductor industry transitions from being 'purely AI-driven' to 'AI and traditional cycles...'
今日熱門
Jan 11 19:52
Win Prizes! [Niuniu Special Issue #11] 2025 Edition: Fellow Investors’ Winning Guide to Navigating Market Volatility
Interactive prize giveaway at the end of the article—don't miss out! Valuable insights shared; we recommend saving, liking, and reading carefully.
~
In the tumultuous year of 2025, some fellow investors successfully turned losses into profits amidst adversity, others consistently earned stable returns month after month, and some built robust asset allocation portfolios that withstood market fluctuations.
To help you make money even in volatile markets, we have selected 12 high-quality shares from 2025 based on originality, quality, and interaction. This guide is written for those who want to ride the waves and aims to help everyoneChase highs less and seize opportunities with more confidence and composure.We don’t use complex jargon or discuss intricate strategies but instead provideReal-world experience and proven methodsTo help you find actionable approaches within these strategies—Open it and gain insights, finish reading and start applying them right away.。
That concludes the content of this issue of the NiuNiu Special Edition. Thanks to the fellow investors for sharing their winning strategies.

@很大很大的橙子
、

@Leo Jesse Livermore
、

@潘驴邓晓闲缺一
、

@天行者Z
、

@年頭旺到年尾
、

@袜刬金钗溜
、

@猫哥爱投资
、

@VinnyG
、

@富途譚智樂 Arnold
、

@叫我蛋挞
We will be giving out NiuNiu merchandise and community traffic support!
[Looking Back]
Click here to view the exciting past content from the NiuNiu Special Edition!
[Interactive Giveaway]
In the comments section,@ a fellow investor you'd like to recommend new friends to follow, and share the most important thing you've learned from them—how they have inspired and changed your investment approach.
- No more -

Statement

This page is machine-translated. Futubull tries to improve but does not guarantee the accuracy and reliability of the translation, and will not be liable for any loss or damage caused by any inaccuracy or omission of the translation.

OK

About Us

Why Futu

Investor Relations

Join Us

Services

Pricing

Help Center

Tools

Policy

Disclaimer

Terms of Service

Privacy Statement

Customer Service

+852 2523 3588

Trading days: 24 hours

Non-trading days: 9:30-21:30

Other Inquiries

Business inquiries: +852 2523 3588

Business Partnerships：BD@futuhk.com

Media Contact：media@futuhk.com

Head Office (Admiralty)

34/F, United Centre, 95 Queensway, Admiralty, HK

Opening hours: 9:00 am-6:00 pm; 12:00 nn-1:00 pm ( From Monday to Friday， except Public Holidays)

FUTU Store

Flagship Store

Tsim Sha Tsui

Tsuen Wan

Mong Kok

Causeway Bay

Tseung Kwan O

Sha Tin

Tuen Mun

Wan Chai

Kwai Chung

Kowloon Tong

Central

address:
Shop A,B,C on Gound floor and shop A on 1st Floor, Soundwill Plaza , NO. 38 Russell Street, Causeway Bay, Hong Kong

Opening Hours:
Monday to Saturday: 10:00am - 9:00pm
Sunday and public holidays 10:00am - 9:00pm

Address:

G/F, 96 Nathan Road, Tsim Sha Tsui, Kowloon

(Tsim Sha Tsui MTR station exit B1, Opposite to ‘The ONE’)

Opening Hours:
Monday to Saturday: 10:00am - 9:00pm
Sunday and public holidays 10:00am - 6:00pm

Address:

G/F, No. 280 Sha Tsui Road, Tsuen Wan, New Territories

(Opposite to 'Tai Hung Fai Centre')

Opening Hours:

Monday to Saturday: 10:00am - 7:00pm

Sunday and public holidays 10:00am - 6:00pm

address:

G/F, 67-69 Argyle Street, Mongkok, Kowloon

(Opposite to Mong Kok MTR station exit D2)

Opening Hours:

Monday to Saturday: 10:00am - 9:00pm

Sunday and public holidays 10:00am - 6:00pm

address:

G/F, Lai Yuen Apartments , 29-33 Lee Garden Road, Causeway Bay, Hong Kong

（Causeway Bay MTR station exit F1)

Opening Hours:

Monday to Saturday: 10:00am - 9:00pm
Sunday and public holidays 10:00am - 6:00pm

address:
Shop UG16-17, UG/F, MCP Central, Tseung Kwan O, New Territories

Opening Hours:
Monday to Saturday: 11:00am - 8:00pm
Sunday and public holidays 10:00am - 6:00pm

address:
G09A, G/F, Kings Wing Plaza 1, No. 3 On Kwan Street, Sha Tin, New Territories

Opening Hours:
Monday to Saturday: 10:00am - 7:00pm
Sunday and public holidays 10:00am - 6:00pm

Address:
Shop 41, 45-46, North Wing, 3/F, Tuen Mun Town Plaza, New Territories

Opening Hours:
Monday to Saturday: 11:00am - 8:00pm
Sunday and Public Holidays: 11:00am - 6:00pm

Address:
Shop C, Ground Floor, Tung Hing Building, 129-135 Johnston Road, Wan Chai
(Exit A3, Wan Chai MTR Station)

Opening Hours:
Monday to Saturday: 11:00am - 7:00pm
Sunday and Public Holidays: 11:00am - 6:00pm

Address:
Shop 23, G/F, Kwai Chung Plaza, 1-7 Kwai Foo Road, Kwai Chung
(Exit D, Kwai Fong MTR Station)

Opening Hours:
Monday to Saturday: 11:00am - 8:00pm
Sunday and Public Holidays: 11:00am - 6:00pm

Address:
MTR Station Shop KOT 125 at Kowloon Tong Station
(Near Station Exit D)

Business Hours:

Monday to Saturday: 11:00am - 8:00pm

Sunday and public holidays 11:00am - 6:00pm

Address:
G/F, 1/F, No.57 Queen's Road, Central, Hong Kong

Business Hours

Monday to Saturday：10:00 am - 9:00 pm

Sunday and public holidays: 10:00 am - 6:00 pm

© 2026 FUTU.

Feedback & Suggestions

Report Information Security Vulnerability

Investor Relations

Agreement

Privacy

Futu Securities

FUTU I&E

Links

粤公网安备 44030502008587号
粤ICP备17008904号-3
© 2026 FUTU
</reference>

<statements>
1. Chinese judicial guidance explicitly states that if producers or sellers engage in false or misleading publicity regarding a vehicle’s automation level, intelligence, performance, or usage, courts should support consumers’ claims for civil liability under the Civil Code and consumer rights statutes.
2. Courts emphasize that onboard assisted driving systems cannot replace the driver as the primary entity responsible for driving; the driver remains the person actually executing the driving task after activating assistance.
3. In China, both judicial guidance and case law establish that drivers remain liable in Level 2 semi-autonomous systems, framing ADAS as supportive tools that do not replace driver responsibility. However, the Supreme People's Court opinion allows injured parties to seek compensation from both drivers and manufacturers when accidents involve a combination of vehicle defects and driver error, with liability apportioned based on contributions and degree of fault. This codifies shared responsibility in scenarios where ADAS malfunction interacts with driver negligence.
4. Similarly, practitioner guidance in U.S. jurisdictions emphasizes evidence such as black-box data, system logs, dashboard warnings, software update history, recall notices, and calibration records to determine whether system defects, mis-calibration, or human inattentiveness were responsible.
5. Courts and regulators emphasize that activating assisted driving does not relieve drivers of their duty to monitor the road and system behavior. Chinese rulings and guidance describe drivers as the actual executors of the driving task after activating assistance and treat evasion of driver-monitoring mechanisms as aggravating misconduct. Criminal cases in the United States similarly hold drivers accountable for grossly negligent use of ADAS when it leads to fatalities.
6. Consumer protection doctrines further impose liability for false or misleading claims about automation or intelligence levels, and guidance such as that from China’s Supreme People's Court explicitly supports civil claims where such publicity harms consumers’ rights.
7. Academic proposals, like those in Iowa Law Review and Jurimetrics, recommend statutory architectures in which manufacturer liability applies when the computer driver is operating negligently in autonomous or supervisory modes, with liability gradually transitioning back to humans after effective takeover requests and reasonable intervals.
8. Judicial guidance in China already empowers courts to require data controllers to provide authentic and complete data on autonomous driving and ADAS events to ascertain accident causes.
9. These measures would support accurate fault allocation, enable identification of systemic defects, and deter spoliation of evidence.
10. Building on Chinese guidance and U.S. scholarship, regulators should treat overstated autonomy claims as deceptive practices subject to civil penalties, restitution, and enhanced liability.
11. These measures would better reflect collaborative driving realities, promote safer ADAS deployment, and provide clearer ex ante expectations for drivers, manufacturers, and insurers as intelligent transportation systems continue to evolve.
</statements>

Begin the assessment now. Output only the JSON list, without any conversational text or explanations.