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Matter (standard) - Wikipedia



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(Top)

1

Background

2

Versions

3

Supported devices

Toggle Supported devices subsection

3.1

Supported ecosystems and hubs

4

See also

5

References

6

Further reading

7

External links

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Smart-home connectivity standard

Matter
Matter smart home connectivity standard
Status
Published
[
1
]
Year started
18

December 2019
;

6 years ago

(
2019-12-18
)
First published
4

October 2022
;

3 years ago

(
2022-10-04
)
Latest version
1.6
17 June 2026
Committee
Connectivity Standards Alliance
(CSA)
Authors
The connectivity standards alliance and open source contributors
Base standards
Internet Protocol
(IP)
Related standards
Zigbee
,
Z-Wave
,
Thread
,
Wi-Fi
,
Aliro
Domain
Smart home
Connectivity standard
License
Proprietary, by certification. Code and documentation published under the
Apache License
.
Website
csa-iot
.org
/all-solutions
/matter

Matter
is a
technical standard
for
smart home
and
Internet of things
(IoT) devices.
[
2
]
[
3
]
[
4
]
It is intended to improve
interoperability
and compatibility between different manufacturers and security, always allowing local control as an option.
[
5
]
[
6
]
[
7
]

Matter originated in December 2019 as the Project Connected Home over IP (CHIP) working group, founded by
Amazon
,
Apple
,
Google
, and the
Connectivity Standards Alliance
(when it was the Zigbee Alliance).
[
3
]
[
5
]
Subsequent members include
IKEA
,
Huawei
, Heiman
[
8
]
, and
Schneider
.
[
9
]
[
10
]
Version 1.0 of the specification was published on 4 October 2022.
[
1
]
[
11
]
[
12
]
The Matter
software development kit
is
open-source
under the
Apache License
.
[
13
]

A
software development kit
(SDK) is provided
royalty-free
,
[
14
]
[
15
]
though the ability to commission a finished product into a Matter network in the field mandates certification and membership fees,
[
16
]
[
17
]
entailing both one-time, recurring, and per-product costs.
[
18
]
This is enforced using a
public key infrastructure
(PKI) and so-called device attestation certificates.
[
16
]

Matter-compatible software updates for many existing hubs became available in late 2022,
[
19
]
[
20
]
[
21
]
with Matter-enabled devices and
software updates
starting to release in 2023.
[
22
]

The primary goal of Matter is to improve interoperability for the current smart home ecosystem. CSA and its members aim for the Matter logo to become ubiquitous and for consumers to instantly recognise it as a smart home device that will "just work".
[
23
]
However, Matter logos do not imply that devices will "just work"; infrastructure is also still required for full functionality, like a Wi-Fi network (which may need to be dual-band) and a Matter controller, and often, an app for each kind of device.

Background
[
edit
]

In December 2019, Amazon, Apple, Google, Samsung
SmartThings
and the
Zigbee
Alliance announced the collaboration and formation of the working group of Project Connected Home over IP. The goal of the project is to simplify development for smart home product brands and manufacturers while increasing the compatibility of the products for consumers.
[
24
]
[
25
]

The standard operates on
Internet Protocol
(IP) and functions via one or more controllers that connect and manage devices within a local network, eliminating the need for multiple proprietary hubs for each ecosystem. Matter-certified products are engineered to operate locally and do not depend on an internet connection for their core functions.
[
26
]
Leveraging
IPv6 addressing
,
[
27
]
the standard facilitates seamless communication with cloud services. Its goal is to facilitate interoperability among smart home devices, mobile apps, and cloud services, employing a specific suite of IP-based networking technologies such as
mDNS
and
IPv6
.
[
28
]
By adhering to a network design that operates at the
Application Layer
of the
OSI 7 layer model
, Matter differs from protocols like
Zigbee
or
Z-Wave
and theoretically can function on any IPv6-enabled network. Presently, official support is limited to
Wi-Fi
,
Ethernet
, and the wireless mesh network
Thread
.
[
29
]

Versions
[
edit
]

Updates to the standard are planned to occur biannually.

Version 1.0 of the specification was published on 4 October 2022.
[
30
]
It introduced support for lighting products (such as
mains power plugs
,
electric lights
and
switches
),
door locks
,
thermostats
and
heating, ventilation, and air conditioning
controllers, blinds and shades, home security sensors (such as door, window and
motion sensors
), and televisions and streaming video players.
[
31
]

Version 1.1 of the specification was published on 18 May 2023. Although a new version, it did not include any new categories, only bug fixes and enhancements to existing SDK, API and devices.
[
32
]

Version 1.2 of the specification was published on 23 October 2023. This version added nine new device types (refrigerators, portable air conditioners, dishwashers, laundry washers,
robotic vacuum cleaners
, smoke and carbon monoxide alarms, air quality sensors, air purifiers, and fans). It also provides revisions and additions to existing categories, improvements to the specification and SDK, and certification and testing tools.
[
33
]

Version 1.3 of the specification was published on 8 May 2024. This version added support for water and energy management devices as well as appliance support for ovens, microwave ovens, cooktops, extractor hoods, laundry dryers, and Matter-casting media players. Scenes and command-batching were also added.
[
34
]

Version 1.4 of the specification was released on 7 November 2024, introducing an expanded focus on electricity-related areas, including batteries, solar systems, home routers, water heaters, and heat pumps. It also featured enhancements to existing areas, such as increased support for electric vehicle chargers, along with significant improvements to Thread devices.
[
35
]

Version 1.4.1 of the specification was released on 7 May 2025. This minor version adds NFC onboarding and multi-device setup.
[
36
]

Version 1.4.2 of the specification was released on 11 August 2025. The minor update made security enhancements to Matter networks and standardized various existing behaviors to improve networking. The update also made some changes to device support requirements for routers and other "network infrastructure managers," requiring them to be certified for Thread 1.4 and support addressing at least 150 devices.
[
37
]

Version 1.5 of the specification was published on 20 November 2025. This major update adds support for
cameras
,
soil moisture sensors
and
energy management
features. Additionally, this version enhances the Closures service, allowing for modular motion types (e.g. sliding, rotating and opening) which can be leveraged by component builders to improve services such blinds, curtains, gates and doors.
[
38
]

Version 1.5.1 of the specification was published on 31 March 2026. Updates were implemented for more efficient camera streaming, expanded media format support, improved camera operation and reliability, enhancements for doorbells, chimes and intercom devices and improvements of the matter ecosystem.
[
39
]

Version 1.6 of the specification was published on 17 June 2026. Updates were implemented for NFC-based commissioning, Joint Fabric as a new path for multi-ecosystem device sharing, thermostat control, and standardised and improved device status reporting (e.g. smoke sensors can now show they've been unmounted).
[
40
]
Version 1.6 also introduced Product Security 1.1, an update to Matter's certification requirements aligning with forthcoming EU Cyber Resilience Act deadlines, including a requirement to report actively exploited vulnerabilities within 24 hours starting 11 September 2026.
[
41
]

Supported devices
[
edit
]

CSA maintains the official list of Matter-certified products,
[
42
]
and restricts use of the Matter logo to certified devices. Matter product certification is also stored on the CSA's Distributed Compliance Ledger (DCL),
[
43
]
which publishes attestation information about certified devices.

Supported ecosystems and hubs
[
edit
]

Company

Platforms

Device types

Hubs

Product name(s)

Thread
support included?

Amazon

Android, iOS, iPadOS

Air conditioners, air purifiers, dishwashers, fans, lights, locks, outlets, robot vacuums, switches (including generic), sensors (air quality, contact, humidity, light, motion, smoke, and temperature), thermostats, and window coverings
[
44
]

Echo
(2nd gen., 3rd gen.)
No

Echo
(4th gen.)

Yes

Echo Dot
(2nd gen. and newer)

Yes

Echo Dot with Clock
(2nd gen. and newer)

Yes

Echo Flex

No

Echo Hub

Yes

Echo Input

No

Echo Plus (2nd gen.)

Yes

Echo Pop

No

Echo Show 5

No

Echo Show 8 (1st gen., 2nd gen.)

No

Echo Show 8 (3rd gen.)

Yes

Echo Show 10 (3rd gen.)

Yes

Echo Show 15 (1st gen.)

No

Echo Show 15 (2nd gen.)

Yes

Echo Show 21

Yes

Echo Spot (2024)

No

Echo Studio (1st gen., 2nd gen.)

Yes

eero 6 and eero 6+

Yes

eero Beacon

Yes

eero Max 7

Yes

eero Outdoor 7

Yes

eero PoE 6

Yes

eero PoE gateway

Yes

eero Pro

Yes

eero Pro 6E and eero Pro 6

Yes

Apple

tvOS
,
audioOS
,
macOS
,
iOS
,
iPadOS

Air purifiers, bridges, lights, locks, outlets, robot vacuums, sensors (air quality, contact, humidity, illuminance, motion, occupancy & temperature), thermostats, and window coverings

HomePod (1st gen.)
No

HomePod (2nd gen.)
Yes

HomePod mini
Yes

Apple TV 4K WIFI (2022)
No

Apple TV 4K WIFI + Ethernet (2022)
Yes

Apple TV 4K (2021)
Yes

Google

Android, Wear OS, iOS, iPadOS

Air purifiers, bridges, dishwashers, dryers, lights, locks, outlets, robot vacuums, sensors (air quality, contact, flow, humidity, illuminance, motion, occupancy, pressure, & temperature), speakers, thermostats, washers, and window coverings (except tilting)
[
45
]
[
46
]

Chromecast with Google TV (4K)
[
47
]
No

Google Home
[
48
]
[
49
]
No

Google Home Speaker
[
50
]

Yes

Google Home mini
No

Google TV Streamer
Yes

Nest Mini
No

Nest Audio
No

Nest Hub (1st gen.)
No

Nest Hub (2nd gen.)
Yes

Nest Hub Max
Yes

Nest Wifi Pro
Yes

IKEA

Android, iOS

Dimming and colour changing lights, remote switches, sensors (water, motion, door/window, temperature and humidity)

Dirigera
Yes

MikroTik

RouterOS

Routers

hAP be³ Media
[
51
]

Yes

Samsung

Android, Wear OS, iOS, iPadOS, watchOS, Windows

Air conditioners, air purifiers, basic video players, battery storages, cook surfaces, cooktops, dimmable plug-in units, dimming lights, dishwashers, door locks, electric vehicle supply equipments, enhanced color lights, extractor hoods, fans, generic switches (buttons), heat pumps, laundry dryers, laundry washers, matter bridges, microwave ovens, mounted dimmable load controls, mounted on/off controls, on/off lights, on/off plug-in units, oven (ranges), pumps, refrigerators, robotic vacuum cleaners, sensors (air quality, contact, humidity, light, occupancy, pressure, rain, and temperature), smoke & co alarms, solar power devices, speakers, temperature color lights, temperature controlled cabinets, thermostats, water freeze detectors, water heaters, water leak detectors, water valves, and window coverings
[
52
]
[
53
]

Samsung SmartThings Hub v2
[
54
]
[
55
]
No

Samsung Family Hub refrigerator (2017 and newer)
No
(can be added using external dongle)

Samsung Smart Monitors 2022 models
No

Samsung smart TVs 2022 models
No

Aeotec
SmartThings Smart Home Hub
Yes

Aeotec SmartThings Smart Home Hub 2

Yes

Samsung SmartThings Station
Yes

Samsung SmartThings Hub Dongle
Yes

Samsung SmartThings Hub v3
Yes

Samsung Smart TVs CU8000 and CU7000 (2023)
Yes

Samsung MicroLED TV MNA89MS1BA (2023)
Yes

Samsung Smart Monitor M80C (2023)
Yes

Samsung Soundbar HW-Q990C (2023)
Yes

Samsung NEO
QLED
8k and 4K (2023)
Yes

Family Hub refrigerator, model numbers RF29CB9900QKAA (US), RF23CB9900QKAA (US), RF85C9581APW (Korea)
Yes

See also
[
edit
]

Amazon Alexa

–

Amazon's smart assistant and home control system

Google Nest

–

Google's smart home system, formerly called
Google Home

Apple Home

–

Apple's smart home system

KNX

–

an open standard (see EN 50090, ISO/IEC 14543) for commercial and residential building automation

Thread

–

low-power mesh protocol designed for battery-powered devices, which Matter uses as one of its supported transport layers

X10

–

a home automation protocol developed in the 1970s

Zigbee
and
Z-Wave

–

wireless mesh protocols for home automation, can be used with Matter and a compatible bridge

References
[
edit
]

1

2

"V1.0.0 Release"
.
GitHub
. 30 September 2022
. Retrieved
4 October
2022
.

↑

"What Is Matter? The New Smart Home Standard, Explained"
.
PCMag
. Retrieved
17 March
2023
.

1

2

Kastrenakes, Jacob (18 December 2019).
"Apple, Google, and Amazon are teaming up to develop a smart home standard"
.
The Verge
. Retrieved
24 December
2019
.

↑

Purdy, Kevin (5 August 2022).
"Wemo's confused Smart Dimmer shows how hard standardizing IoT may be"
.
Ars Technica
. Condé Nast
. Retrieved
5 August
2022
.

1

2

"With Amazon, Apple and Google onboard, this new alliance aims to make your smart home work properly"
.
ZDNET
. Retrieved
17 March
2023
.

↑

Hall, Christine (4 October 2022).
"Matter's Internet of Things standard, certification ready for developers"
.
TechCrunch
. Retrieved
17 March
2023
.

↑

Seifert, Dan (16 April 2021).
"Amazon, Apple, and Google's smart home partnership is close"
.
The Verge
. Retrieved
17 March
2023
.

↑

"Shenzhen Heiman Technology Co. Ltd"
.
CSA-IOT
. 1 March 2023
. Retrieved
14 January
2026
.

↑

Mihalcik, Carrie.
"Apple, Amazon, Google, and others want to create a new standard for smart home tech"
.
CNET
. Retrieved
24 December
2019
.

↑

Strategy, Moor Insights and.
"CHIP Shot: Will Project Connected Home Over IP Get Us Onto The IoT Green?"
.
Forbes
. Retrieved
3 September
2020
.

↑

"Matter 1.0 arrives"
.
Connectivity Standards Alliance
. 4 October 2022
. Retrieved
4 October
2022
.

↑

Tuohy, Jennifer Pattison (4 October 2022).
"Matter 1.0 is finally finalized — so what's next?"
.
The Verge
. Retrieved
4 October
2022
.

↑

"project-chip/connectedhomeip"
. Connectivity Standards Alliance. 14 June 2021
. Retrieved
15 June
2021
.

↑

Hill, Simon (3 April 2022).
"What's the Matter? We Explain the New Smart Home Standard"
.
Wired
. Condé Nast
. Retrieved
30 April
2022
.

↑

project-chip/connectedhomeip
, Connectivity Standards Alliance, 25 June 2024
, retrieved
25 June
2024

1

2

"Device Attestation - latest - Silicon Labs Matter Silicon Labs"
.
docs.silabs.com
. Retrieved
26 June
2024
.

↑

"Certification Process | Why Certify |"
.
CSA-IOT
. Retrieved
26 June
2024
.

↑

"Become a Member | The Future of IOT"
.
CSA-IOT
. Retrieved
26 June
2024
.

↑

"Apple rolls out software updates for matter"
. 25 October 2022
. Retrieved
7 January
2023
.

↑

"Matter is now available on Google Nest and Android devices"
. 15 December 2022
. Retrieved
7 January
2023
.

↑

"Amazon announces a phased rollout of Matter to its Alexa smart home platform"
. 3 November 2022
. Retrieved
7 January
2023
.

↑

"One Brand Dominates the CES Smart Home Conversation This Year"
. Retrieved
7 January
2023
.

↑

Connectivity Standards Alliance
(3 November 2022).
Matter: Making the smart home a more connected, comfortable, and helpful place
. Retrieved
22 April
2024

–
via YouTube.

↑

Gurman, Mark; De Vynck, Gerrit (18 December 2019).
"Apple, Google, Amazon Want One Language for Smart Devices"
.
Bloomberg
. Retrieved
24 December
2019
.

↑

Haselton, Todd (18 December 2019).
"Apple, Google and Amazon are cooperating to make your home gadgets talk to each other"
.
CNBC
. Retrieved
24 December
2019
.

↑

"What is Matter?"
.
Google Home Developers
. Retrieved
22 April
2024
.

↑

"Thread and IPv6 | Matter"
.
Google Home Developers
. Retrieved
22 April
2024
.

↑

"Matter Specification - Version 1.2"

(PDF)
. Connectivity Standards Alliance. 18 October 2023.

↑

Matter Network Transport - Connectivity Standards Alliance
. Retrieved
22 April
2024

–
via www.youtube.com.

↑

"Newsroom | Articles & Blogs | IOT"
.
CSA-IOT
. Retrieved
19 November
2022
.

↑

"The Matter Smart Home Standard Is Finally Available: Here's What It Means for Your Home"
.
Consumer Reports
. 3 November 2022
. Retrieved
19 November
2022
.

↑

"Matter 1.1 release — Enhancements for developers and devices"
.
CSA-IOT
. 18 May 2023
. Retrieved
14 September
2023
.

↑

"Matter 1.2 Arrives with Nine New Device Types & Improvements Across the Board"
.
Connectivity Standards Alliance
. 23 October 2023
. Retrieved
5 November
2023
.

↑

"Matter 1.3 Specification announced"
.
Connectivity Standards Alliance
. 8 May 2024
. Retrieved
16 May
2024
.

↑

Gomes, Vitor (7 November 2024).
"Matter 1.4 chega com suporte a Energia Solar e promessas de economia de energia elétrica"
.
PontoBYTE
(in Brazilian Portuguese)
. Retrieved
22 December
2024
.

↑

"A Smarter Start: Matter 1.4.1 Makes Setup Easier"
.
Connectivity Standards Alliance
. 7 May 2025
. Retrieved
7 May
2025
.

↑

"Matter 1.4.2 | Enhancing Security and Scalability for Smart Homes"
.
CSA-IOT
. 11 August 2025
. Retrieved
30 August
2025
.

↑

"Matter 1.5 Introduces Cameras, Closures, and Enhanced Energy Management Capabilities"
.
CSA-IOT
. 20 November 2025
. Retrieved
8 December
2025
.

↑

"Matter 1.5.1: Enhancing Camera Performance and Expanding Device Flexibility"
. Connectivity Standards Alliance. 31 March 2026
. Retrieved
2 August
2026
.

↑

"Matter 1.6 Enables More Intuitive Setup, Multi-Ecosystem Experiences, and Context-Driven Control"
. Connectivity Standards Alliance. 17 June 2026
. Retrieved
2 August
2026
.

↑

"Matter 1.6 Fixes Smart Home Setup and Ecosystem Conflicts With NFC and Joint Fabric"
. Tech Times. 19 June 2026
. Retrieved
20 August
2026
.

↑

"Certified Products Search"
.
Connectivity Standards Alliance
. 2024
. Retrieved
9 June
2024
.

↑

"Distributed Compliance Ledger"
.
webui.dcl.csa-iot.org
. Retrieved
22 April
2024
.

↑

"Understand Smart Home Matter Support | Alexa Skills Kit"
.
Amazon Alexa
. Retrieved
1 December
2023
.

↑

"Supported devices | Matter"
.
Google Home Developers
. Retrieved
1 December
2023
.

↑

"What's new in the Google Home app"
.
Google Nest Help
. 23 July 2025
. Retrieved
21 August
2025
.

↑

"Google TV Streamer (4K)"
.
Google Store
. Retrieved
6 August
2024
.

↑

"Matter is now available on Google Nest and Android devices"
.
Google
. 15 December 2022
. Retrieved
1 December
2023
.

↑

"Google devices with Matter - Android - Google Nest Help"
.
support.google.com
. Retrieved
1 December
2023
.

↑

"Google Home Speaker Specs & Compatibility"
.
Google Store
. Retrieved
17 June
2026
.

↑

"hAP be³ Media
|
MikroTik"
.
mikrotik.com
.

↑

"Home API Reference | Developer Documentation | SmartThings"
.
developer.smartthings.com
. Retrieved
1 December
2023
.

↑

"Connect Matter Devices with SmartThings | SmartThings"
.
Connect Matter Devices with SmartThings | SmartThings
. Retrieved
21 August
2025
.

↑

Tuohy, Jennifer Pattison (27 January 2023).
"All the smart home products that work with Matter"
.
The Verge
. Retrieved
1 December
2023
.

↑

"Smart Home Hub - Hub Everywhere | SmartThings"
.
Smart Home Hub - Hub Everywhere | SmartThings
. Retrieved
1 December
2023
.

Further reading
[
edit
]

Belli, Dimitri; Barsocchi, Paolo; Palumbo, Filippo (2024).
"Connectivity Standards Alliance Matter: State of the Art and Opportunities"
.
Elsevier Internet of Things
.
25
101005.
doi
:
10.1016/j.iot.2023.101005
.

Wroclawski, Daniel (18 March 2022).
"Matter, Explained: What the New Standard Could Mean for Your Smart Home"
.
Consumer Reports
. Retrieved
30 April
2022
.

External links
[
edit
]

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Best Books of the Year

Amazon MGM Studios

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United Artists

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Kindle Direct Publishing

YES Network
(15%)

Retail

Whole Foods Market

Logistics

Amazon Freight

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(
Atlas Air Flight 3591

•

21 Air Flight 7598
)

Amazon Prime Air

Former

43 Things

A9.com

Askville

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Amazon Books

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(
Songza
)

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Double Helix Games

Drive

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Fire Phone

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MGM Holdings

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Withoutabox

Litigation

Perfect 10, Inc. v. Amazon.com, Inc.

Amazon.com, Inc. v. Barnesandnoble.com, Inc.

Amazon.com Inc v Canada (Commissioner of Patents)

FTC v. Amazon

Other

Amazon Light

ASIN

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Criticism
(
tax
)

Fishbowl

History of Amazon

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List of Amazon brands

List of Amazon products and services

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MacKenzie Scott

Statistically improbable phrase

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Worker organization

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Edwardsville Amazon warehouse collapse

Unions

Congress of Essential Workers

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2024 strike

Category

v
t
e
Apple Inc.

History

Outline

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Products
Hardware
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systems

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/
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Swift

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Services
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Pay

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Media

Arcade

Books

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1

Beats Music

Up Next

Festival

iTunes Radio

App

News

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streaming service

originals

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Communication

FaceTime

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Invites

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Retail

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Connect

Store

Fifth Avenue

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Support

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Certifications

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(formerly
Apple ID
)

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Developer

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Find My

Fitness

Photos

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Companies
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Anobit

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Acquisitions

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Cue

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InVisage Technologies

The Keyboard Company

Lala

Metaio

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Nothing Real

P.A. Semi

Power Computing

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Siri

Texture

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Partnerships

AIM alliance

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Taligent

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Arm

DiDi

Digital Ocean

Eldim

iFund

Imagination

Rockstar Consortium

Design
and
marketing

Advertising

"
1984
"

"
Think different
"

"
Get a Mac
"

iPod

Product Red

Events

IDg

Typography

Legal issues
and labour
relations

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Litigation

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Related

Car project

Criticism

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People
CEOs

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Board chairs

Mike Markkula

Steve Jobs

John Sculley

Arthur D. Levinson

Other
executives
Current

Katherine Adams

Eddy Cue

Craig Federighi

Isabel Ge Mahe

Greg Joswiak

Sabih Khan

Steve Lemay

Jennifer Newstead

Luca Maestri

Deirdre O'Brien

Kevan Parekh

Phil Schiller

Johny Srouji

John Ternus

Former

Alan Dye

Angela Ahrendts

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Paul Deneve

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Mark Papermaster

Dan Riccio

Jon Rubinstein

Bertrand Serlet

Bruce Sewell

Sina Tamaddon

Avie Tevanian

Steve Wozniak

Founders

Steve Jobs

Steve Wozniak

Ronald Wayne

Italics
indicate discontinued products, services, or defunct companies.

Category

v
t
e
Google
a subsidiary of
Alphabet
Company
Divisions

AI

Area 120

ATAP

Brain

China

Cloud Platform

Energy

Google.org

Crisis Response

Registry

Subsidiaries
Active

DeepMind

Fitbit

ITA Software

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Defunct

Actifio

Adscape

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Anvato

Apigee

BandPage

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Flutter

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Metaweb

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Nik Software

Orbitera

Pyra Labs

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Programs

Business Groups

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Get Your Business Online

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PowerMeter

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Solve for X

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Student Ambassador Program

Vevo

YouTube BrandConnect

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Year in Search

YouTube Rewind

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2019

Events

AlphaGo versus Fan Hui

AlphaGo versus Lee Sedol

AlphaGo versus Ke Jie

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2013

2015

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James R. Thompson Center

King's Cross

Mayfield Mall

Pier 57

Sidewalk Toronto

St. John's Terminal

Submarine cables

Dunant

Grace Hopper

Unity

WiFi

YouTube Space

YouTube Theater

People
Current

Krishna Bharat

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(co-founder)

John Doerr

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Urs Hölzle

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Ray Kurzweil

Neal Mohan

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(co-founder)

Sundar Pichai
(CEO)

Ruth Porat
(CIO)

Ram Shriram

Former

Andy Bechtolsheim

Vint Cerf

David Cheriton

Matt Cutts

Jeff Dean

David Drummond

Alan Eustace

Timnit Gebru

Sanjay Ghemawat

Al Gore

Omid Kordestani

Ann Mather

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Paul Otellini

Patrick Pichette

Eric Schmidt

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Hal Varian

Rachel Whetstone

Susan Wojcicki

Criticism
General

Censorship

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FairSearch

"
Google's Ideological Echo Chamber
"

No Tech for Apartheid

Privacy concerns

Street View

YouTube

Trade unions

Alphabet Workers Union

YouTube copyright issues

Incidents

Backdoor advertisement controversy

Blocking of YouTube videos in Germany

Data breach

Elsagate

Fantastic Adventures scandal

Kohistan video case

Reactions to
Innocence of Muslims

San Francisco tech bus protests

Services outages

Slovenian government incident

Walkouts

2018 YouTube headquarters shooting

Other

Android apps

April Fools' Day jokes

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Doodle Champion Island Games

Magic Cat Academy

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Easter eggs

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Search

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Logo

Material Design

Mergers and acquisitions

Development
Software
A–C

Accelerated Linear Algebra

AMP

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Base

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Caja

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Charts

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Cloud Connect

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Cloud Messaging

Cloud Shell

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D–N

Dalvik

Data Protocol

Data Studio

Dialogflow

Exposure Notification

Fast Pair

Fastboot

Federated Learning of Cohorts

File System

Firebase

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Firebase Cloud Messaging

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Flutter

Freebase

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Ganeti

Gears

Gerrit

Global Cache

GLOP

gRPC

Gson

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Guetzli

Guice

gVisor

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JAX

Jetpack Compose

Keyhole Markup Language

Kubernetes

Kythe

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Lighthouse

lmctfy

MapReduce

Mashup Editor

Matter

Mobile Services

Namebench

Native Client

Neatx

Neural Machine Translation

Nomulus

O–Z

Open Location Code

OpenRefine

OpenSocial

Optimize

OR-Tools

Pack

PageSpeed

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Plugin for Eclipse

Polymer

Programmable Search Engine

Project Shield

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RenderScript

SafetyNet

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Schema.org

Search Console

Shell

Sitemaps

Skia Graphics Engine

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Tango

TensorFlow

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Test

Translator Toolkit

Urchin

UTM parameters

V8

VirusTotal

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Wave Federation Protocol

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Android
Major

Cupcake

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15

16

Version history

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devices

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ML model

BERT

Chinchilla

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Gemma

Imagen
(2023)

LaMDA

PaLM

T5

Veo (text-to-video model)

VideoPoet

XLNet

Neural network

EfficientNet

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Inception

MobileNet

Transformer

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Program

AlphaDev

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AlphaGo Zero

AlphaStar

AlphaZero

Master

MuZero

Format / codec

AAB

APK

AV1

iLBC

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WebP

WOFF2

Languages

Carbon

Dart

Go

Sawzall

Search algorithm

Googlebot

Hummingbird

Mobilegeddon

PageRank

matrix

Panda

Penguin

Pigeon

RankBrain

Domain name

.app

.dev

.google

.zip

g.co

google.by

Typeface

Croscore

Noto

Product Sans

Roboto

Software
Search

AI Overviews

Knowledge Graph

SafeSearch

Scholar

Shopping

Images

Books

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AdMob

Ads

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Apps

Dinosaur Game

Experiments

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Translate

Calendar

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Google+

Fonts

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Maps

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Tenor

Safe Browsing

Sites

Account

Dashboard

Takeout

Android

Android Auto

Meet

Messages

News

Play

Books

Games

Pass

Services

Waze

Gboard

Photos

Pay

Wallet

Pixel Camera

Lens

Assistant

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Classroom

YouTube

Kids

Music

Premium

Shorts

Studio

TV

VR

Other

Kaggle

NotebookLM

Input Tools

Japanese

Fi Wireless

Widevine

Hardware
Pixel
Phones

Pixel

2

3

3a

4

4a

5

5a

6

6a

7

7a

Fold

8

8a

9

Pro Fold

9a

10

Pro Fold

11

Pro

Pro Fold

Watch

2

3

4

Tablets

C

Slate

Tablet

Laptops

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Pixelbook

Go

Buds

Nexus

Phones

One

S

Galaxy

4

5

6

5X

6P

Tablets

7
(2012)

10

7
(2013)

9

Q

Player

Other
Consumer

Cardboard

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Project Iris

Nest

smart speakers

Thermostat

Wifi

Play Edition

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Chromebit

Clips

Daydream

Liftware

OnHub

Enterprise

Glass

Sycamore processor

Tensor

Tensor Processing Unit

Titan Security Key

Android Dev Phone

Liquid Galaxy

Project Ara

Pixel Visual Core

Search Appliance

v
t
e
Litigation
Advertising

Feldman v. Google, Inc.
(2007)

Rescuecom Corp. v. Google Inc.
(2009)

Goddard v. Google, Inc.
(2009)

Rosetta Stone Ltd. v. Google, Inc.
(2012)

Google, Inc. v. American Blind & Wallpaper Factory, Inc.
(2017)

Jedi Blue

Antitrust

European Union
(2010–present)

United States v. Adobe Systems, Inc., Apple Inc., Google Inc., Intel Corporation, Intuit, Inc., and Pixar
(2011)

Umar Javeed, Sukarma Thapar, Aaqib Javeed vs. Google LLC and Ors.
(2019)

United States v. Google LLC
(2020)

Epic Games v. Google
(2021)

United States v. Google LLC
(2023)

Intellectual
property

Perfect 10, Inc. v. Amazon.com, Inc.
(2007)

Viacom International, Inc. v. YouTube, Inc.
(2010)

Lenz v. Universal Music Corp.
(2015)

Authors Guild, Inc. v. Google, Inc.
(2015)

Field v. Google, Inc.
(2016)

Google LLC v. Oracle America, Inc.
(2021)

Smartphone patent wars

Privacy

Rocky Mountain Bank v. Google, Inc.
(2009)

Hibnick v. Google, Inc.
(2010)

United States v. Google Inc.
(2012)

Judgement of the German Federal Court of Justice on Google's autocomplete function
(2013)

Joffe v. Google, Inc.
(2013)

Mosley v SARL Google
(2013)

Google Spain v AEPD and Mario Costeja González
(2014)

Frank v. Gaos
(2019)

Other

Garcia v. Google, Inc.
(2015)

Google LLC v Defteros
(2020)

Gonzalez v. Google LLC
(2022)

Related
Concepts

Beauty YouTuber

BookTube

BreadTube

"
Don't be evil
"

Gayglers

Google
as a verb

Google bombing

2004 U.S. presidential election

Google effect

Googlefight

Google hacking

Googleshare

Google tax

Googlewhack

Googlization

Illegal flower tribute

Objectives and key results

Rooting

Search engine manipulation effect

Side project time

Sitelink

Site reliability engineering

StudyTube

VTuber

YouTube Poop

YouTuber

list

Products
Android

Booting process

Custom distributions

Features

Recovery mode

Software development

Street View coverage

Africa

Antarctica

Asia

Israel

Europe

North America

Canada

United States

Oceania

South America

Argentina

Chile

Colombia

YouTube

Copyright strike

Education

Features

Moderation

Most-disliked videos

Most-liked videos

Most-subscribed channels

Most-viewed channels

Most-viewed videos

Official channel

Social impact

YouTube Premium original programming

Other

Gmail interface

Maps pin

Most downloaded Google Play applications

Stadia games

Documentaries

AlphaGo

Google: Behind the Screen

Google Maps Road Trip

Google and the World Brain

The Creepy Line

Books

Google Hacks

The Google Story

Googled: The End of the World as We Know It

How Google Works

I'm Feeling Lucky

In the Plex

The MANIAC

Popular culture

Google Feud

Google Me
(film)

"
Google Me
" (Kim Zolciak song)

"
Google Me
" (Teyana Taylor song)

Is Google Making Us Stupid?

Proceratium google

Matt Nathanson: Live at Google

The Billion Dollar Code

The Internship

Where on Google Earth is Carmen Sandiego?

Other

"
Attention Is All You Need
"

elgooG

Generative pre-trained transformer

"
Me at the zoo
"

Predictions of the end

Relationship with Wikipedia

"
Reunion
"

Italics
denote
discontinued products
.

Category

Outline

v
t
e
Comcast
Libraries
Comcast Cable

Xfinity

Xfinity Streampix

Comcast Business

Comcast Technology Solutions

HITS

thePlatform

Xumo

Comcast Advertising

Spectacor

Philadelphia Flyers

Maine Mariners

Xfinity Mobile Arena

New South Philadelphia Arena

Spectra

ComcastTIX

T1
(34%)

Media assets
v
t
e
NBCUniversal
A division of
Comcast
Predecessors

MCA Inc.

PolyGram

RCA

Seagram Company Ltd.

Vivendi Universal Entertainment

Executives

Dick Ebersol

Bonnie Hammer

Donna Langley

Steve Burke

Pearlena Igbokwe

Noah Oppenheim

Cesar Conde

Studio Group
Universal Filmed
Entertainment Group

Universal Pictures

Back Lot Music

DreamWorks Animation

Focus Features

Illumination

NBCUniversal Entertainment Japan

United International Pictures
*

Universal Pictures Home Entertainment

Universal Animation Studios

Working Title Films

Amblin Partners

Amblin Entertainment

DreamWorks Pictures

Universal
Studio Group

Universal Television

Universal Content Productions

Universal International Studios

Carnival Films

Matchbox Pictures

DreamWorks Animation Television

DreamWorks Classics

Big Idea Entertainment

Bullwinkle Studios
*

Harvey Entertainment

Destinations
& Experiences Group
United States

Universal Studios Hollywood

CityWalk

Universal Orlando

Universal Studios Florida

Islands of Adventure

CityWalk

Epic Universe

Universal Horror Unleashed

Universal Kids Resort

International

Universal Studios Japan

Universal Studios Singapore

Universal Beijing Resort

Universal Studios Beijing

Universal Studios Delhi (planned)

Universal United Kingdom
(planned)

Media Group
NBC Entertainment

NBC

Television networks

Bravo

Streaming

Hayu

Peacock

NBC
Sports Group

NBC Olympics

NBC Sports Digital

NBC Sports

NBCSN

part owner

MLB Network

NHL Network

Regional Networks

Bay Area
(45%)

Boston

California

Philadelphia

SNY
(8%)

International
Networks
v
t
e
NBCUniversal International Networks
A division of
NBCUniversal
Asia

DreamWorks Channel

Studio Universal
(Philippines)

Australia & New Zealand

Bravo

New Zealand

Australia (licensed)

Universal TV

Australia

New Zealand

Europe, Middle East
and Africa

13th Street

France

Spain

Poland

DreamWorks

Diva

E! Europe and Africa

Syfy

France

Poland

Balkans

Portugal

Spain

Studio Universal

Telemundo Africa

Universal+
(In France and Africa)

Latin America & Brazil

Universal TV

Studio Universal

Telemundo Internacional

DreamWorks Channel

Universal+

Canada (licensed)

Bravo

E!

Defunct

13th Street Netherlands and Flanders

13th Street Australia

Diva TV

Diva Universal Italy

Diva Asia

E! Asia

E! Australia and New Zealand

Hallmark Channel International

Hallmark Channel Benelux & Scandinavia

KidsCo

Sci Fi Romania

Steel

Style Network Australia

Syfy Netherlands and Flanders

Syfy Russia

Syfy Asia

Syfy Australia

Syfy Latin America

Universal Channel Greece

Universal Channel Poland

Universal Channel Turkey

Universal Channel Japan

Universal Channel Asia

Universal TV UK & Ireland

Other assets

Distribution

Domestic

International

Telemundo Enterprises

Telemundo

Puerto Rico Studios

Telemundo Studios

Universo

Telemundo Deportes
w/NBC Sports Group

Noticias Telemundo

Local Group

O&Os
NBC Owned
TV Stations

KNBC

KNSD

KNTV

KXAS-TV

WBTS-CD

WCAU

WMAQ-TV

WNBC

WRC-TV

WTVJ

WVIT

K15CU-D

KTEL-TV

Other properties

Cozi TV

NBC LX

NBC LX Home

NECN

Telemundo
Station Group

KASA-TV/KTEL-CD/KUPT

KBLR

KCSO

KDEN-TV

KHRR

KNSO

KSTS

KTAZ

KTDO

KTLM

KTMD

KTMW

KUAN

KVDA

KVEA

KXTX-TV

WKAQ-TV

WNEU

WNJU

WRDM-CD/WDMR-LP

WRIW-CD

WRMD-CD

WRTD-CD

WSCV

WSNS-TV

WTMO-CD

WWSI

WWDT-CD

WYCN-LD

WZTD-LD

WZDC-CD

Other properties:

TeleXitos

Other units

Affiliate relations

NBC

Telemundo

EMKA, Ltd.

International Media Distribution

News Group
Main divisions

NBC News

NBCNews.com

NBC Out

NBC News Now

Former/defunct
properties

Current assets of
Versant

13th Street (Australia)

A&E Networks
(
A&E
)*

Canal+ Group

Castle Films

Chapman Entertainment

Chiller

Chiller Films

CIC Video

Cloo

Comcast Network

Craftsy

Diva

Diva Universal (Italy)

E! (Asia)

Entertainment Rights

Esquire Network

Fearnet

Filmation

FilmDistrict

G4

Good Machine

Gramercy Pictures

Hallmark Channel (international)

ITC Entertainment

Interscope Communications

Miss Universe
*

Multimedia Entertainment

NBBC

NBC Sports (
Chicago
(25%)

Northwest
)

NBC Weather Plus

October Films

Olympic Channel

Pacific Data Images

Peacock Productions

PolyGram Filmed Entertainment

Propaganda Films

Savoy Pictures

SBS CNBC

Shift

Seeso

Spencer Gifts

Style Network (Australia)

Syfy (Asia)

Syfy (Australia)

Tell-Tale Productions

The Entertainment Channel*

Total Television

UPA

Universal Channel (Asia)

Universal Channel (Greece)

Universal Channel (Japan)

Universal Channel (Poland)

Universal Kids

Universal TV (UK and Ireland)

Universal Interactive

Universal Music Group

Universal Channel (Turkey)

Vivendi Universal Games

Walter Lantz Productions

Western Publishing

Gold Key Comics

Whitman Publishing

Golden Books Family Entertainment

Golden Book Video

Woodland Animations

ZGS Communications

Related

Animation studios

History of NBC

History of NBC Sports

Report on Chain Broadcasting
(1941)

National Broadcasting Co. v. United States
(1943)

* Denotes
joint ventures

v
t
e
Sky Group
A subsidiary of
NBCUniversal
UK
and
Ireland
Channels

Challenge

Sky Arts

Sky Atlantic

Sky Cinema

Sky Comedy

Sky Crime

Sky Documentaries

Sky Kids

Sky Mix

Sky Nature

Sky News

Sky One

Sky Sci-Fi

Sky Sports

Box Office

F1

News

Sky Witness

Defunct channels

.tv

The Amp

Bravo

2

Challenge Jackpot

Channel One

The Comedy Channel

Flaunt

Galaxy

Merit

The Movie Channel

Now

The Power Station

PremPlus

Real Lives

Scuzz

Sky 3D

Sky Arts

Sky Living

Loves

Sky Max

Sky News Ireland

Sky Real Lives

Sky 2

Sky Replay

Sky Scottish

Sky Showcase

Sky Soap

The Sports Channel

Sky Travel

Joint ventures

A&E Networks UK

History

H2

Blaze

Crime & Investigation

Ginx TV

Paramount UK Partnership

Comedy Central

Extra

Sky Sports Racing

Defunct JVs

A&E Networks UK

Bio

Lifetime

Defunct magazines

Sky Magazine

Sky Kids

Other

Amstrad

The Cloud

Diagonal View

Digibox

Freesat from Sky

Minidish

Now

On Demand

Sky Active

Sky Betting & Gaming

Sky Broadband

Sky Go

Sky Multichannels

Sky News Radio

Sky Q

Sky Sports Active

Sky Store

Sky Text

Open....

Sky Vision

Sky+

HD

Italy
Channels

Cielo

Sky Arte

Sky Atlantic

Sky Cinema

Due

Sky Meteo 24

Sky Primafila

Sky Sport

Sky Sport F1

Sky Sport MotoGP

Sky Sport 24

Sky Calcio

Sky TG24

Sky Uno

Sky Documentaries

Sky Investigation

Sky Nature

Sky Serie

TV8

Defunct

Sky 3D

Sky Music

Sky Radio

Sky Show

Sky Vivo

History

Timeline

Criticisms

British Satellite Broadcasting

Sky Television (1984–1990)

Living TV Group

Attempted acquisition of BSkyB by News Corporation

Former joint ventures & properties

Australian News Channel

News24

Granada Sky Broadcasting

Japan Sky Broadcasting

SKY Brasil

Sky México

Sky News Arabia

Stream TV

Sky Deutschland

Sky Switzerland

See also

Sky Campus

Sky Studios

Jupiter Entertainment
(60%)

Love Productions

Sky España

SkyShowtime
(50%)

Other holdings
Current

Comcast Ventures

Fandango Media
(70%)

Leisure Arts

Midco
(49%)

Former

Comcast Entertainment TV

GuideWorks

Plaxo

G4

Defunct

Hot Choice

In Demand
(33.3%)

Related

Comcast Corp. v. FCC
(2010)

Comcast Corp. v. Behrend
(2013)

See also:
Acquisition of NBC Universal
·
Attempted acquisition of Time Warner Cable

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Matter (standard)

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</reference>

<statements>
1. Historically, the connected home ecosystem was fractured by incompatible wireless standards and proprietary application layers, forcing device makers to maintain separate stock-keeping units (SKUs) and software runtimes for Apple Home, Google Home, Amazon Alexa, and Samsung SmartThings
</statements>

Begin the assessment now. Output only the JSON list, without any conversational text or explanations.